International Commercial Terms (Incoterms)

國貿條規

定義 (Definition)

由國際商會（ICC）制定的國際貿易術語規則，定義買賣雙方在貨物交付、風險轉移、費用分擔等方面的責任。

Rules published by ICC defining responsibilities of buyers and sellers for delivery, risk transfer, and cost allocation in international trade.

實務範例 (Example)

Incoterms® 2020 共 11 個條款，分為適用於任何運輸方式的 7 個（EXW, FCA, CPT, CIP, DAP, DPU, DDP）及僅適用於海運的 4 個（FAS, FOB, CFR, CIF）。

Incoterms® 2020 has 11 terms: 7 for any transport mode (EXW, FCA, CPT, CIP, DAP, DPU, DDP) and 4 for sea/inland waterway only (FAS, FOB, CFR, CIF).

常見誤區 (Pitfalls)

• Incoterms 僅規範「交付義務」，不涉及所有權轉移或付款條件
• 必須註明版本（如 "FOB Incoterms® 2020"）以避免爭議
• FOB、CIF 僅適用於海運，空運應使用 FCA、CIP

Incoterms govern delivery obligations only, not ownership transfer or payment terms.